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References

A special thanks to mechanical engineer Etieno Isaiah, B.Eng., for reviewing our product designs, Tim McQueen, Chief Operating Officer at Ozone Waste Solutions, for giving relevant information about ozone sterilization, and Dr. Jose Derraik from the University of Auckland, New Zealand and all other researchers we consulted for our PPE decontamination protocol
Product Design References

Derraik, J. G. B., Anderson, W. A., Connelly, E. A., & Anderson, Y. C. (2020). Rapid evidence summary on SARS-CoV-2 survivorship and disinfection, and a reusable PPE protocol using a double-hit process. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051409

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, April 30). COVID-19 Decontamination and Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/decontamination-reuse-respirators.html.

 

Solid and Liquid Medical Waste: Where Does It Go? Infection Control Today. (2008, April 1). https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/guidelines/solid-and-liquid-medical-waste-where-does-it-go.

 

Liao, L., Xiao, W., Zhao, M., Yu, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q., … Cui, Y. (2020). Can N95 Respirators Be Reused after Disinfection? How Many Times? ACS Nano, 14(5), 6348–6356. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03597

 

Healthcare Environmental Resource Center (HERC). http://www.hercenter.org/rmw/treatment.php.

 

Does Medical Waste Get Recycled? MedPro Disposal. (2020, April 14). https://www.medprodisposal.com/medical-waste-disposal/does-medical-waste-get-recycled/.

 

StackPath. https://www.machinedesign.com/materials/plastics-and-composites/article/21832143/new-life-for-shredded-plastic-waste.

 

Boughton, B., & Horvath, A. (2006). Environmental assessment of shredder residue management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 47(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.09.002

Buekens, A., & Letcher, T. M. (2020). The treatment of plastic in automobile shredder residue. Plastic Waste and Recycling, 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817880-5.00015-3

 

Hospital Recycling Material Flow and Logistics. hprc. https://www.hprc.org/recycling-material-flow-logistics.

 

Broderick, T. (2020, March 13). COVID-19 could fill hospital beds, but how many are there? Modern Healthcare. https://www.modernhealthcare.com/hospitals/covid-19-could-fill-hospital-beds-how-many-are-there.

 

Adu, R. O., Gyasi, S. F., Essumang, D. K., & Otabil, K. B. (2020). Medical Waste-Sorting and Management Practices in Five Hospitals in Ghana. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2934296

 

American Hospital Directory - Hospital Statistics by State. https://www.ahd.com/state_statistics.html.

 

Evaluation of Decontamination Techniques for the Reuse of N95 Respirators. (2020, May 27).

https://c19hcc.org/static/img/insights/Evaluation-of-Respirator-Decontamination-Techniques.pdf

Handling, storage, and transportation of health-care waste.

https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/061to076.pdf?ua=1

Political Research Secondary References

https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html.

 

McCarthy, N., & Richter, F. (2020, February 12). Infographic: The Countries Polluting The Oceans The Most. Statista Infographics. https://www.statista.com/chart/12211/the-countries-polluting-the-oceans-the-most/.

 

Coronavirus leaves China with mountains of medical waste. South China Morning Post. (2020, March 12).

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074722/coronavirus-leaves-china-mountains-medical-waste.

 

Indonesian Forum for Environment (WALHI - Friends of the Earth Indonesia): Corporate NGO partnerships. Indonesian

Forum for Environment (WALHI - Friends of the Earth Indonesia) | Corporate NGO partnerships. https://www.globalhand.org/en/browse/global_issues/21/all/organisation/21429.

Welle, D. (2020, May 28). Coronavirus Worsens Thailand's Plastic Waste Crisis. EcoWatch. https://www.ecowatch.com/thailand-plastic-coronavirus-2646114108.html?rebelltitem=1.

Bangkok Post Public Company Limited. Face mask crisis of another design. https://www.bangkokpost.com. https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1924908/face-mask-crisis-of-another-design.

Tanakasempipat, P. (2020, May 11). Plastic piles up in Thailand as pandemic efforts sideline pollution fight. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-thailand-plastic/plastic-piles-up-in-thailand-as-pandemic-efforts-sideline-pollution-fight-idUSKBN22N12W.

Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/16/protect-medical-workers-thailand-covid-19.

Staub, C. (2020, March 18). Coronavirus pandemic disrupts recycling sector. Resource Recycling News. https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2020/03/17/coronavirus-pandemic-disrupts-recycling-sector.

Johnston, P., & Ketkar, P. (2017, February 8). Plastic Pollution and Our Oceans: What Everyone Should Know. Ruggles Media. https://camd.northeastern.edu/rugglesmedia/2017/02/08/plastic-pollution-and-our-oceans-what-everyone-should-know/.

Eco-Business. (2020, May 4). ADB: Coronavirus could leave major Southeast Asian cities with 1,000 extra tonnes of medical waste per day. Eco. https://www.eco-business.com/news/adb-coronavirus-could-leave-major-southeast-asian-cities-with-1000-extra-tonnes-of-medical-waste-per-day/.

 

Supporting medical waste management in India and beyond during COVID-19 epidemic. UNIDO. https://www.unido.org/stories/supporting-medical-waste-management-india-and-beyond-during-covid-19-epidemic.

 

Siya Bhatia. (2019, August 18). World Oceans Day 2019: India's Contribution To Ocean Pollution. Let Me Breathe. https://letmebreathe.in/2019/06/08/world-oceans-day-2019-gender-and-oceans/.

 

-, B., By, -, & Bogotapost. (2020, May 24). Waste in the times of COVID-19. The Bogotá Post. https://thebogotapost.com/waste-in-the-times-of-covid-19/46736/.

 

Ionova, A. (2020, April 20). Brazil's Health System Isn't Ready for the Coronavirus. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/20/brazil-bolsonaro-icu-beds-health-system-isnt-ready-for-coronavirus/.

COVID-19 Waste Crisis References

Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331305/WHO-2019-NcOV-IPC_WASH-2020.1-eng.pdf

 

Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., & Sanchez-Alcalde, L. (2020). Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813

 

Yu, H., Sun, X., Solvang, W. D., & Zhao, X. (2020). Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051770

 

Nghiem, L. D., Morgan, B., Donner, E., & Short, M. D. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 1, 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100006

Klemeš, J. J., Fan, Y. V., Tan, R. R., & Jiang, P. (2020). Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 127, 109883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109883

Medical Waste Recycling References

Andersen, I. Introduction to COVID-19 waste management.

https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/32282/COVIDWM.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

McKeen, L. W. Plastics Used in Medical Devices.

http://www.pentasil.eu/images/Plastics%20Used%20in%20Medical%20Devices.pdf

Rahimi, A., & García, J. M. (2017). Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-017-0046

Best Management Practices For Hospital Waste.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/0504013.pdf

Sharobem, T. T. Tertiary Recycling of Waste Plastics: An Assessment of Pyrolysis by Microwave Radiation.

http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/Sharobem_thesis.pdf

 

Achilias, D., Roupakias, C., Megalokonomos, P., Lappas, A., & Antonakou, E. (2007). Chemical recycling of plastic wastes made from polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149(3), 536–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.076

 

Does Medical Waste Get Recycled? MedPro Disposal. (2020, April 14). https://www.medprodisposal.com/medical-waste-disposal/does-medical-waste-get-recycled/.

 

Tullo, A. H. (2019, October 7). Plastic has a problem; is chemical recycling the solution? Chemical & Engineering News. https://cen.acs.org/environment/recycling/Plastic-problem-chemical-recycling-solution/97/i39.

 

HEALTHCARE PLASTIC WASTE: ANALYSIS OF OLVG HOSPITAL PLASTIC WASTE STREAMS.

https://www.circulairondernemen.nl/uploads/669c6eb7189f26e44986a9ef69c15569.pdf

Projects and Campaigns to Fund References

Damayanti, N., Sulaiman, N., & Ibrahim, N. (2020). Plastic Biodegradation by Peseudomonas aeruginosa UKMCC1011 Using A Modified Winogradsky Column. Scientific Journal Of PPI - UKM, 7(2), 43-49. Retrieved from http://kemalapublisher.com/index.php/ppi-ukm/article/view/458

Sarkhel, R., Sengupta, S., Das, P., & Bhowal, A. (2020). Biodegradation of Plastic Waste Using Marine Micro-Organisms. Urban Mining and Sustainable Waste Management, 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0532-4_20

 

A., G. K., K., A., M., H., K., S., & G., D. (2020). Review on plastic wastes in marine environment – Biodegradation and biotechnological solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150, 110733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110733

 

Giacomucci, L., Raddadi, N., Soccio, M., Lotti, N., & Fava, F. (2020). Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride plastic films by enriched anaerobic marine consortia. Marine Environmental Research, 158, 104949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104949

 

Li, J., Kim, H. R., Lee, H. M., Yu, H. C., Jeon, E., Lee, S., & Kim, D.-H. (2020). Rapid biodegradation of polyphenylene sulfide plastic beads by Pseudomonas sp. Science of The Total Environment, 720, 137616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137616

 

Microbes and Plastic Debris: Research Status and Opportunities in the Philippines.

https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol149no1/marine_microbes_and_plastic_debris_.pdf.

 

Review On Biodegradation of Plastic Through Waxworm (Order: Lepidoptera; Family: Pyralidae) .

https://www.iaiest.com/data-cms/articles/20191118040954pmIAJE1810008.pdf

Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R., Moger, J., & Galloway, T. S. (2013). Microplastic Ingestion by

Zooplankton. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(12), 6646–6655. https://doi.org/10.1021/es400663f

Browne, M. A., Crump, P., Niven, S. J., Teuten, E., Tonkin, A., Galloway, T., & Thompson, R. (2011). Accumulation of

Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(21), 9175–9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/es201811s

Ng, W., Minasny, B., & Mcbratney, A. (2020). Convolutional neural network for soil microplastic contamination screening using infrared spectroscopy. Science of The Total Environment, 702, 134723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134723

Numerous other research papers were studied for the development of our suggested PPE decontamination protocol, and the references list below only pertains to the articles used for the information presented in this website alone.
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